例：①We enjoy seeing the films having been directed by Charlie Chaplin．（×）
②We enjoy seeing the films directed by Charlie Chaplin．（√）
我们喜欢看卓别林导演的电影。
2.过去分词和不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语与宾语构成主动关系，过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语构成被动关系。
例：①When we talk with others，we make ourselves understood not just by words.
②When we talk With others，we make them understand us not just by words．我们与人交谈时，不只是通过语言让人们理解我们的意思。
3.过去分词的逻辑主语
作状语用的过去分词，其逻辑主语应与名词中的主语一致。
例：①Seen from the hill，we find the village very small.（×）
②Seen from the hill，the village looks very small．（√）
我们如果在山上看（我们）会发现村子很小。
高考热点
以下是历年高考题中的过去分词试题，请总结有关过去分词的考点。
l．The managers discussed the plan that theywould like to see the next year．（NMET 2000）
A．carry out B．carrying outC．carried out D．to carry out分析：例1的答案为C。此句中包含一个定语从句，the plan是定语从句的先行词，将其放到定语从句中构成they would like to see the plan（carry out）。the plan与carry out构成被动关系，故用carried out。
小结：此题测试的是过去分词作宾补。过去分词作宾补时，它所表示的动作对象是前面的宾语，与其构成被动关系。
2．Most of the artists to the party were from South Africa．A．invited B．to invitedC．being invited D．had been invited（NMET90）
3．The first textbooksfor teaching English asa foreign language came out in the 16thcentury．A．having writtenB．to be writtenC．being writtenD．written（NMET94）
4．The Olympic Games，in 776B.C.，didnot include women players until 1912．
A first played B．to be first playedC first playing D．to be first playing（NMET97）
分析：例2的答案为A。例3的答案为D。此两题都是前面的名词与动词之间构成被动关系，作后置定语。可变为限制性定语从句，who were invited…；that were written…
例4的答案为A.名词the Olympic Games与动词play之间构成被动关系，也作后置定语，可变为非限制性定语从句which were first played…
小结：以上三个小题测试的是过去分词作后置定语。过去分词作定语通常表示被动含义，同时还表示这个分词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
5．more attention，the trees could have grown better.
A.Given
B.To give
C.Giving
D.Having given（NMET 90）
6．in thought，he almost ran Into the car infront of him．A、Losing B．Having lost C．Lost D．Lose（NMET96）
分析：例5的答案为A。主句的主语thetrees与动词give之间构成被动关系，故用过去分词。此题过去分词作了条件状语。可改为Ifthe trees had been given more attention…例6的答案为C。把此句还原后是As he was lost in thought，he…lost小结：以上两题测试的是过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语时，表示名词与动词之间是被动关系，一般强调分词所发生的动作在谓语动作之前发生。
7．Cleaning women in big cities usually get by the hour.（NMET"98）
A．pay B.paying C．paid D．to pay分析：此题的答案为C。此题旨在考查“get十过去分词”结构的用法。该结构中的get可以用be代替。后跟过去分词作表语，含有被动含义，多用于强调结果或表示不期而遇和偶然发生的事。类似的短语还有get broken；get hurt；get married；get caught等。
小结：此题测试的是过去分词作表语。过去分词作表语时表达被动含义，即句子的主句是这个过去分词所表示动作的承受者。
从以上分析可以看出，在做与分词有关的试题时，一定要考虑动词与其逻辑主语的关系，是主动关系用现在分词，是被动关系用过去分词。
正误辨析：
1.我昨天在医院拔了一颗牙。
误：I pulled out a tooth yesterday．正：I had a tooth pulled out yesterday．分析：“拔牙”动作非自己所为，“请别人做某事”应用have sth.done结构。又如：l had my eyes examined yesterday．Have sth.done还有“遭遇（不幸）”之意。如He had his hands burned．2.高先生主管那所医院。
误：Mr Gao is in the charge of the hospital．正：Mr Gao is in charge of the the hospital．分析：in charge of表示主管，负责（某事），而in thecharge of表示“在…
…主管之下”。
如：The hospital is in the charge of Mr.Gao．3．他过去是一个经理。
误：He would be a manager，正：He used to be a manager．分析：would和used to都可表示“过去常常发生的动作”，后接动作动词。如：He used to／would go fishing in the lake.但would后面不能接表认识、状态的动词，而used to可以。如：My elder brother used to be a sailor．4．我建议引进更多的设备。
误：I suggest to bring in more equipments．正：I suggest bringing in more equipment．分析：suggest要求后面接动名词作宾语。equipment为不可数名词。
5．《我心永恒》这首歌很受年轻人欢迎。
误：The song“My heart will go on”is popular to the young people．正：The song“My heart will go on”is popular with the young people．分析：be popular with表示“受……的欢迎”。
【教学设计方案】
Step 1：PresentationAsk questions like these：Where can you find advertisements？Why do companies advertise？
Do you watch advertisements on TV？Which are your favorite advertisements？
Put any useful notes and key words that arise out of this discussion on the Bb.
Step 2：Dialogue
（I.）Listening（Say to the class，“Now，we are going to listen to a discussionabout an advertisement.It is a little bit long，so I"ll play the tape twice with only two questions.”）
Questions：
1.What is the advertisement for？
A.a camera B.a computer C.a typewriter（Key：B）
2.What will the ad be like？
A.humorous B.serious C.exciting（Key：A）
（II.）Reading
1.Ask the students to read the dialogue again，checking the answers.Then ask：“What suggestion seems to be the final decision？”
（Key：Bob"s suggestion：Put comments of the customers"at the top of the ad in big print and bring in some humor.
2.Say to the students，“In this dialogue we should learn how to express opinions：agreement or disagreement.Read the dialogue quickly again and I"m sure youcan find several such expressions.”
（The students are sure to find these expressions.The teacher should praise them，encourage them to think of more and put the expressions down on the Bb.Also，the teacher should remind the students which are indirect and polite ways and which are direct.
Agreement：
1.I think it would be a good idea to do…
2.I agree with…
3.That"s true/right.
4.Good idea！/That"s great！/Why not！/Exactly！
Disagreement：
1.I"m afraid I can"t agree with you.
2.Sorry，I don"t think so.
3.Do you（really）think so？/Do you think…？
4.I don"t agree（with…）。
5.I don"t think you are right.
Step3.Fill in blanks.
1.Do you think managers want to read what users think about a new piece of office equipment.
2.That"s a good way of giving information，but it"s not a good way of persuading people.For one thing，it"s boring，and people aren"t going to read an adthat looks boring.For another thing，one computer looks very like another.Peoplearen"t going to remember the name of the product.
3.So what exactly are you suggesting？
4.Then we can put their comments at the top of te advertisement in big print.We can bring in some humour too.People enjoy reading humorous ads.
I"ll ask the company for a list of recent customers.
Step4.languag points：1.I think it would be a good idea to have comments from secretaries and typists who are already using it我想听听用过它的秘书打字员的评论是个好主意。
（1）句中的have comment from…表达“听取…的意见／评价”，相当于listen to the views／opinions of…，from接人，表听取别人的意见。e．g．You‘d better have comments from your teachers and classmates．你最好听听你的老师和同学们的意见。
（2）这个句子是委婉地提出建议的交际英语。句中would是will的过去式，但在此句型中并不表示过去，而是用来代替一般现在时，在说话人提出建议时为了把话说得委婉一点、含糊一点，实际是一种虚拟语气e.g
——I"m afraid I"m putting on weight．我恐怕发胖了。
——I think it would be a good idea to keep on doing morning exercises.我认为坚持锻炼是个好主意。
2.comment可用作动词，表达“批评，评论”之意。
