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第25章 人文景观Human Landscapes(5)

Alterations to both the site and the Arch itself have been minor. Carpeting was laid in the observation room to decrease noise levels. Some alterations were done to the heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) system at the north end of the Arch, but these were required for maintenance. The ramp payers at the north and south entrances are scheduled for replacement with a less slippery stone in the near future as a safety measure. Vandals have scratched grafitti (names, obscenities, dates, towns) in the lowest stainless steel panels. Methods of treatment for returning the surface to the original polished condition are under study. There have been a few minor changes in interior partitions in the administrative office spaces. Other than those changes, the building is in excellent condition and retains extremely high architectural integrityintegrity n.正直, 诚实, 完整, 完全, 完整性.

Metropolitan Museum of Art大都会博物馆

大都会博物馆是美国最大的艺术博物馆,世界着名博物馆。位于纽约中央公园第五大道82街。1866年J·杰伊建议成立国家博物馆和美术馆,并组织了委员会进行筹建。1870年1月31日博物馆在纽约第五大道681号原多德沃思舞蹈学校旧址正式建立,1880年迁至现址。随着藏品的不断增加,该馆经历了多次扩建,整幢大楼凝聚着各个时期不同的建筑风格,占地总面积达13万平方米。目前藏有埃及、巴比伦、亚述、远东和近东、希腊和罗马、欧洲、非洲、美洲前哥伦布时期和新几内亚等各地艺术珍品330余万件。包括古今各个历史时期的建筑、雕塑、绘画、素描、版画、照片、玻璃,器皿、陶瓷器、纺织品、金属制品、家具、古代房屋、武器、盔甲和乐器。有19个专业部门负责各类藏品的征集、保管和展览。

纽约大都会艺术博物馆是美国最大的艺术博物馆,馆藏中国古代各类艺术品应有尽有,尤以收藏大量中国古代绘画和书法的真迹精品着称。被誉为“古今独步”的唐代画家韩干的画马名迹《照夜白图》卷,宋代画家郭熙的《树色平远图》绢本、米友仁(米芾之子)的《云山图》卷,元代画家赵孟兆页的《双松平远图》卷、王蒙的《丹崖翠壑图》卷等着名精品力作都在该馆。

1981年春,中美合建的以中国苏州网师园殿春彩及其后院为模式的阿斯特庭院在该馆的东冀竣工落成,庭院的殿堂——“明轩”陈列了中国明代家具。埃及政府赠送美国的典德尔神殿陈列在该馆的萨克勒大厅内,这是在埃及以外世界上仅有的一座埃及古神殿,1978年9月正式对外开放。

Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City, founded in 1870. The Metropolitan Museum is the foremostforemost adj.(位置或时间)最先的, 最初的, 最重要的 adv.首要地, 首先 repository of art in the United States. It opened in 1880 on its present site on Central Park facing Fifth Ave. The building was designed by Calvert Vaux and J. W. Mould and expanded by Richard Morris Hunt and by McKim, Mead, and White during the early 1900s. It is owned by the city, which contributes a certain sum yearly for upkeep, but otherwise the museum is supported by private endowmentendowment n.捐赠, 捐赠的基金(或财产), 天资, 捐款 and income from memberships and admission fees that are requested as voluntary contributions. The museum,s most outstanding collections include European paintings and sculpture of the Renaissance, baroque, and modern periods; pastels; watercolors; miniatures; and a vast number of drawings and graphic art works. The Egyptian wing has the mastabamastaba n.石室坟墓, 斜纹坟墓 of Perneb (erected c.2460 B.C.), rebuilt here in its original form. Much of the extensive and remarkable medieval art collection is housed in the Cloisters, a separate building in northern Manhattan erected from various medieval components in 1938. The collection of armor is outstanding. The museum houses a great number of works of art from the Middle East and Asia in many media. The American collection shows the development of painting, sculpture, furniture and the decorativedecorative adj.装饰的 arts from the colonialcolonial adj.殖民的, 殖民地的 n.殖民地居民 period through the 20th cent., with many objects arranged in period settings. The print collection includes woodcuts and engravings, dating from the 15th cent., and etchings and lithographs. The Costume Institute provides a practical source of inspiration and reference for designers through its collection of thousands of authentic costumes and accessories, international in scope and covering four centuries. The museum houses an important exhibition of antique and primitive musical instruments. Its hundreds of examples of Greek pottery and its Greek and Roman sculptures are among the finest such collections in the world. In the early 1970s the museum acquired the Egyptian Temple of Dendur, the Michael C. Rockefeller collection of primitive art, and the extensive Robert Lehman collection of European art. Additional exhibition space became available (1987) with the opening of the Lila Acheson Wallace wing for 20th cent. art, designed by Kevin Roche John Dinkeloo and Associates. In 1980 the museum acquired the André Meyer collection of 19th cent. European art. Walter Annenberg has announced his bequest of his private collection to the museum.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art is the nation,s leading museum and one of the largest collections of art in the world. The museum now sits at 79th and Central Park East in the heart of Manhattan and houses more than 30 million objects ranging from eighthcentury Pharonic sculpture from to multimediamultimedia n.多媒体, 多媒体的采用 works made to celebrate the new millennium.

Notable galleries at the Met include the Temple of Dendur, a complete Egyptian temple that was moved to the museum from the Nile delta in 1934. The American Wing, completed in 1976, comprises the most comprehensive collection of art from the United States in the country, including numerous period rooms documenting American life and decorative arts from the 16th century through the 19th. The Cloisters, overlooking the Hudson River in northern Manhattan, displays the Metropolitan,s medieval treasures, including the Unicorn Tapestry. The museum also includes a study and preservationpreservation n.保存 institute and one of the largest art libraries in the world.

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