在生活中，每个人都有犯懒的时候，甚至有时候连话都懒得说了。有没有什么办法可以让我们说话时能省点儿力气，还能表达出本意呢？答案是肯定的，那就是省略句！
下面就让我们赶紧来学习一下吧！
36.1省略句概述
一个句子中有时会有一个或更多的成分被省略掉，这样的句子称为省略句。省略句中被省略的部分可能是以下几种。
（1）主语。例如：
Excuse me， beg your pardon.
对不起，请再说一遍。
Haven"t seen you for ages！
好久不见了！
(Do you) want some sugar？
（你）要一点儿糖吗？
（2）谓语或谓语的一部分。例如：
(Is) anything the matter？
有什么问题吗？
(Does) anybody need help？
有人需要帮忙吗？
(Has) Mary done her homework？
玛丽做好作业了吗？
（3）宾语。例如：
- Which of them is the better choice？
他们谁是更合适的人选？
- Well， it"s hard to tell (it).
嗯，这很难说。
（4）主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分），只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。例如：
What a pity (it is) you can"t go to the lecture！
真遗憾你不能去听课！
(I am) Afraid I can"t come.
我恐怕不能来了。
（5）不定式。例如：
He didn"t come， though we had invited him to (come).
我们曾邀请他来，但他没来。
（6）冠词。例如：
(A) Friend of mine gave it to me.
我的一个朋友给我的。
(The) Fact is we don"t know it ourselves.
事实是我们自己也不知道。
（7）其他成分。例如：
(Of) Course that"s only a beginning.
当然这还只是一个开头。
- Shall we be late？
我们会不会迟到？
- I hope (we shall) not (be late).
我希望不会。
一个省略句有时本身意思很清楚，例如：
Never heard of such a thing.
从来没听见过这样的事。
Leaving so early？
这么早就动身？
有时要靠上下文或说话的场合来把意思弄清楚，例如：
- (Asking a patient) Better today？
（问病人）今天好点了吗？
- Much better.
好多了。
Dialogue & Analysis（此处有视频学习资料）
A： (It) Looks like rain（.在不会引起误解的情况下或非正式场合，句子的主语可以省略。
本句省略主语it。）Hi， (It is) nice to see you again！（省略形式主语和is。）
B： I am sorry， but ...
A： (Have you) Forgotten my name？（省略主语you 与助动词have。）(You can) Just callme Peter.（省略主语you 与助动词can。）I am a doctor， and my wife (is) a teacher.
（and 连接两个并列的从句，若两句中的谓语动词相同，第二句中的谓语动词可以省略。本句省略了谓语动词is。）Do you remember me now？
B： No.
A： I am not as strong as I was (strong).（句尾省略了形容词strong，以避免重复。）(It is)No wonder you can"t remember me.（省略“It is”。）By the way， who won the tennis game last night？
B： Sorry， I don"t know (who won the tennis game last night).（以know， remember， forget等动词结尾的简答句后的从句常可省略，以避免重复。本句省略了从句“who won the tennis game last night”。）
A： What a beautiful umbrella (it is).（感叹句中通常可以省略主语和谓语动词。本句在句尾省略了“it is”。）Here is my home！ Thank you very much.
B： My pleasure！ Why did I come here.And who on earth is this guy？
C： Who is that good man？
A： I don"t know him.
36.2简单句中的省略
简单句中常有一些成分被省略掉。这种情况在对话时最为普遍，不管是回答别人的问题（a），或是在接着别人说话时（b），都会发生。
a.- How are you getting along with your work？
你们工作进行得怎样？
- Pretty well.
还不错。
- How is the weather？
天气怎么样？
- Going to clear up.
快晴了。
b.- It looks like a shower.
看起来要下一阵雨了。
- Yes， somewhat.
是的，有点儿像。
- He won"t come.
他不肯来。
- Why？
为什么？
这种句子中的省略部分常可从前面的那句话中找到。
另外，在陈述自己的意见（a），提出问题或要求（b），或是在感叹句中（c）都可以做这种省略。
a.Glad to see you.
很高兴见到你。
Not feeling very well today.
今天觉得有点儿不舒服。
Nice day again.
又是一个好天。
b.Anybody against it？
有人反对吗？
- Right？
对吗？
- Right.
对。
What next？
下一步怎么样？
c.A good idea！
好主意！
Just wonderful！
太妙了！
36.3复合句中的省略
复合句中某些成分被省略的情形也是很多的，在回答问题时我们经常会遇到这种情况。
例如：
- Can you postpone it ？
能延期举行吗？
- I am afraid not.
我想不能。
- Is everything going all right？
一切都进展得顺利吗？
- Well， not so smoothly as we expected， though.
嗯，可没有预料的那样顺利。
（1）表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句中，如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，而谓语动词是系动词be 时，就可将从句的主语及系动词 be 省略。例如：
Solid can be turned into liquid and liquid into gas if heated enough.(=Solid can be turned into liquid and liquid can be turned into gas if it is heated enough.)
如果加到足够的热，固体会变成液体，而液体又会变成气体。
Have a little more if delicious.(=You have a little more if it is delicious.)
如果好吃就多吃一点儿。
Make changes where necessary.(=You make changes where it is necessary.)
在必要的地方做些修改。
I won"t attend his party， though invited a few days ago.(= I won"t attend his party， though I was invited a few days ago.)
尽管几天前请了我，但我还是不会参加他的聚会。
（2）表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句中，如果从句的主语跟主句的主语一致，就可将从句的主语省略，同时将从句中的谓语动词变为分词形式。例如：
He was very excited when told that he had passed the exam.(=He was very excited when he was told that he had passed the exam.)
当告诉他考试通过了时，他非常兴奋。
If running a little faster， he will take the first place.(=If he runs a little faster， he will take the first place.)
如果再跑快一点，他就会获得第一名。
They began to talk warmly as if being good friends.(=They began to talk warmly as if they were good friends.)
他们就好像是好朋友一样开始热烈地谈论起来。
（3）条件从句中的主语是第二人称时，可将if 及从句的主语省略成为祈使句，从而用and或or 等将两句连接起来，成为并列句。例如：Give me ten more minutes， and I"ll finish it.(= If you give me ten more minutes， I"ll finish it.)
多给我十分钟，我就会把它完成了。
Drive slowly， or you"ll get a fine.(= If you don"t drive slowly， you"ll get a fine.)
开慢一点儿，否则你就会被罚。
有时，这个句型可进一步省略，成为：more+名词，and+句子。例如：
A little more effort， and you get it finished.(= If you make a little more effort， you"ll get it finished.)
再努力一点，你就会把它完成了。
（4）在比较状语从句中，常将从句中与主句中相同的成分省略。例如：The weather in the south is much better than in the north.(= The weather in the south is much better than the weather in the north.)
南方的天气比北方的天气好多了。
The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was twenty years ago.(= The Beijing you see today is much more beautiful than it was beautiful twenty years ago.)
你今天所看到的北京比二十年前的北京漂亮多了。
注意：当比较的主句和从句都为及物动词带宾语时，从句省略后，留下的代词用主格或宾格时，意思不同。例如：
He likes the dog better than she.
他比她更喜欢那条狗。
He likes the dog better than her.
他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢她。
因此，从句的主语若为名词，省略谓语部分后须加助动词do 的适当形式，否则就会产生歧义。例如：
He likes his dog better than his wife does.
他比他的妻子更喜欢那条狗。
He likes his dog better than his wife.
他喜欢那条狗甚于喜欢他的妻子。
（5）名词性从句中的一部分省略。例如：
He was late this morning， but I don"t know why.
他今天早晨迟到了，但我不知道他迟到的原因。
He got here this morning， but do you know how？
他今天早晨就到这儿了，但你知道他是怎么来的吗？
（6）主句中的一部分省略。例如：
Glad to hear that you succeeded in finding the answer.
听说你成功地找到了答案，我很高兴。
What if he did not come today？
要是他今天不来，那怎么办呢？
36.4并列句中的省略（1）当并列的主语相同时，后面的主语被省略。例如：
The car was quite old but (it) was in excellent condition.
这部车相当旧了，但机器性能还非常好。
They shook hands and (they) began to talk at once.
他们握了手后立刻开始谈话。
（2）当并列的谓语动词相同时，动词（包括助动词、不定式等）可省略。例如：
Reading makes a full man；conference (makes) a ready man；writing an exact man.
读书使人充实；讨论使人机智；写作使人准确。
Some of us study French， others (study) German.
我们中有的学法语，有的学德语。
（3）省略动词宾语和介词宾语。例如：
Let"s do the dishes.I"ll wash (the dishes) and you dry (the dishes).
我们洗碗吧，我来洗碗，你来把碗弄干。
（4）省略定语。例如：
A group of young boys and (young) girls are dancing on the meadow below the hill.
一群少男少女在山下的草地上跳舞。
（5）省略状语。例如：
He was not hurt.(How) Strange！
他没有受伤。真奇怪！
（6）省略多种句子成分。例如：
We tried to help her but (we tried) in vain.
我们想法子帮他，但没用。
Kate is easy in conversation and (she is) graceful in manner.
凯特谈吐从容，举止优雅。
选择题。
1.When different cultures， we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.
A.compared
B.being compared
C.comparing
D.having compared
2.When first to the market， these products enjoyed great success.
A.introducing
B.introduced
C.introduce
D.being introduced
3.It shames me to say it， but I told a lie when at the meeting by my boss.
A.questioning
B.having questioned
C.questioned
D.to be questioned
4.The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if whether he was going in the right direction.
A.seeing
B.having seen
C.to have seen
D.to see
5.Generally speaking， according to the directions， the drug has no side effect.
A.when taking
B.when taken
C.when to take
D.when to be taken
6.When ， the museum will be open to the public next year.
A.completed
B.completing
C.being completed
D.to be completed
7.Though money， his parents managed to send him to university.
A.lacked
B.lacking of
C.lacking
D.lacked in
8.The research is so designed that once nothing can be done to change it.
A.begins
B.having begun
C.beginning
D.begun
9.When help， one often says “Thank you.” or “It"s kind of you.”
A.offering
B.to offer
C.to be offered
D.offered
10.- You are always working.Come on， let"s go shopping.
- you ever want to do is going shopping.
A.Anything
B.Something
C.All
D.That
11.Is this the reason at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？
A.he explained
B.what he explained
C.how he explained
D.why he explained
12.What surprised me was not what he said but he said it.
A.the way
B.in the way that
C.in the way
D.the way which
13.It is easy to do the repair.you need is a hammer and some nails.
A.Something
B.All
C.Both
D.Everything
14.That"s an unpleasant thing to say about your father after has done for you.
A.something
B.anything
C.all D.that
15.- Does your brother intend to study German？
- Yes， he intends .
A./
B.to
C.so
D.that
16.- Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight？
A.Yes， I"d like to go to the Grand Theatre
B.I"d like to， but I have an exam tomorrow
C.No， I won"t
D.That"s right
17.- You should have thanked her before you left.
- I meant ， but when I was leaving， I couldn"t find her anywhere.
A.to do
B.to
C.doing
D.doing to
18.Much of the power of the trade unions has been lost.， their political influence should be very great.
A.As a result
B.As usual
C.Even so D.So far
19.- You haven"t lost the ticket， have you？
- .I know it"s not easy to get another one at the moment.
A.I hope not
B.Yes， I have
C.I hope so
D.Yes， I"m afraid so
20.- The boys are not doing a good job at all， are they？
A.I guess not so
B.I don"t guess
C.I don"t guess so
D.I guess not Fun Time
此fish非彼fish
提起fish，它给人们的第一印象便是指“鱼”，实际上它的用法并非如此简单。fish用作可数名词指“鱼的条数”时单数和复数形式相同（two fish 两条鱼），指“鱼的种类”
时复数形式才为fishes（two fishes 两种鱼）。fish 用作不可数名词时无复数形式，应作“鱼肉”解（Help yourself to some fish.随便吃些鱼。）。fish用作动词时，它的含义又与“钓（捕）鱼”有关（go fishing 去钓鱼）。
在英语口语里，fish还常常被用来指“人”，类似于汉语里的“家伙”、“东西”等，如apoor fish（可怜虫），a big fish（大亨），a cool fish（无耻之徒），a strange fish（奇人、怪人），a loose fish（放荡鬼）等。但必须注意的是，fish用来指人时形象虽然鲜明，但往往含有贬义。
由fish 构成的习语也非常生动有趣，如fish in the air 本意为“空中钓鱼”，喻指“方法（向）不对而达不到目的”，相当于汉语中的成语“缘木求鱼”。又如：like a fish out of water 喻指“如鱼离水”、“感到生疏”，feel the fishes 喻指“葬身鱼腹”、“晕船”。
含fish 的一些谚语更加富有哲理性。例如：
（1）Never offer to teach fish to swim.
不要班门弄斧。（原意为：决不要教鱼游泳。）
（2）The best fish smell bad when they are three days old.
久居别家招人嫌。（原意为：鱼过三天就要臭。）（3）He who would catch fish must not mind getting wet.
不入虎穴，焉得虎子。（原意为：捉鱼不要怕鞋湿。）
（4）There"s as good fish in the sea as ever came out of it.
纵然失去一个机会，不愁没有其他机会。（原意为：海里的好鱼是取之不尽的。）
