第11章 对外英语广播的主持艺术——“硬新闻”(10)

[评点]

这档节目在实训过程中呈现时，是整个班所有小组的第一档。尽管这一组的成员进行了认真的准备，但是在三台摄像机面前还是因为紧张，出现了很多的小失误。这是再正常不过的了，因为这一实训环节不仅是训练现场播报的掌控能力，也是让受训者意识到：在实际工作中，任何小的疏忽带来的极大被动，都是可以导致近乎瘫痪状态的后果。由于是“硬新闻”的现场连线报道，就不仅要求出镜记者的语言简洁、顺畅、易懂，而且需要与在直播室的主播进行流畅而又自然的沟通。就这档节目的呈现状态来看，有一些问题需要被关注。

第一是对新闻语言的掌握。虽然我们一直强调新闻稿口语化要直白易懂，但是还是需要有固定的结构化来支撑的。但是，由于很多受训者平时只是注重了口语的练习，而缺少对广播电视英语的掌握，所以，新闻语言的体现还是不够规范。

第二是因为紧张而显得神情僵硬。面对镜头的播报显得眼里无神，在此，也就意味着在主播和记者的眼里没有相互连线上对方。

第三是由于过分的准备。因为大家有一周的准备时间，所以很努力地把写好的内容背得很熟。但是，在现场连线时，就出现了过于熟练后的“无现场感”、“演讲多于讲述”的感觉。

自然，这些失误也正是在实训时必然出现的，经过镜头的放大后，倒是对大家形成了促进的作用，对原以为很简单不过的事情有了新的认识，进而对以后要从事的职业有了“敬畏”的态度。

[笔者主观映象]

对于“硬新闻”直播连线的节目，主要是需要主播与现场出镜记者间合作、配合后形成的自然而又表达清楚的报道。对于这一程度的达成，很明显是由双方的合作完成的。但是，对双方的要求有时是很不一样的。

首先，对身处直播室的主播的要求。对于“硬新闻”主播而言，只有在与出镜记者进行现场连线时，受众才会觉得看到了主播的更接近日常生活里的、鲜活的一面。因为这时的主播可以用最为口语化的方式与连线的记者进行对话了，受众也看到了电视上的人说话也是会带有“嗯”、“噢”和“啊”的语气词。那么，有一点需要主播注意的，即：尽管是处在直播连线的自然状态，但是，最忌一是“风头”盖过出镜记者，也就是提问多于记者要说的；二是没有话可说，既显得屏幕上切出两个视窗是多余的，又使连线失去意义。

其次，对于出镜连线记者的要求。一是对细节的捕捉。因为是在现场，就需要提供体现具有现场特点的细节；二是对所报道的内容的精炼概括要凸显“硬新闻”的展开结构，这是对“硬新闻”书写结构把握的职业素质的体现；三是要对自己所报道的内容很清楚，这种清楚是基于对“事实”的收集程度后的重新组织。有一点必须强调的是：知道多少事实就报道多少，要敢于说：“就这一点，我还没有关注到。等这段连线完成后，我会尽快去了解”此类的话。另外，在现场报道时，不必要强迫着去展示已经把内容全记在脑子里了。而且，还完全可以手拿采访本或新闻稿件进行播报。这样，受众感到你的报道是有充分事实依据的，你的报道会最大限度地避免失误而显更确切。

总之，“硬新闻”直播连线是看似最简单、最简短的节目形式，但是，实际上是对主播及出镜连线记者考验和要求最多和最高的“瞬间”。

Round 2—Space sharing

ChenaPan：Coming up is the second Round—Space sharing.Now our three contestants are on the stage.They'll deliver a 4-minute discussion according to their picked topic.After marking their scores，the top 2 will enter our semi-final next Saturday.And the one with the lowerest score has to join Round 3 together with our contestant number one.

Wang Jing：The topic for today is：Should colleges provide accommodation of four or five star standards for students？Now let's welcome our three contestants.

Zhao Ting：I think that the students come to university is to get education but that education should not be just confined to the theories and knowledge of the books but should also include the education of life.Because it is the first time for many of students to live apart from their family so if there are some people help them wash their clothes or buy them meals，I don't think it is a very good thing for the development of the students.

Liu Yutong：I couldn't agree more.I don't think that a university should provide students with 4 or 5 starred dormitories.The school committee can invest such money into the dormitory construction but the money used for this part can be used more meaningfully.For instance，to repair the library or to improve the students food，which are beneficial to everyone.Beside，the investment for the high-standard dormitories only do good to those students who have rich parents.If a university does such a thing，basically，they go against the principal for higher education which is to educate people comprehensively.

Wu Meixi：I totally agree with you two It is unnecessary for universities to offer four or five star living standard.First of all，students come here for study rather than enjoying life.Parents spend money with their expectation and hope in order to make their children out of boys and girls.As it is known to all，nearly every family has only one child，they are apples of their parents'eyes.They have to train themselves，such as living independently，thinking and making decision individually to face the demands of the future society.It is unnecessary to spend such sum of money on those constructions.They'd better build functional library，teaching buildings and facilities.

Zhao Ting：Exactly，I agree with you.What's more，I think that 4 or 5 stars standard dormitories also mean higher expenses so I think that is also a burden of their family.Besides，if there are some people living in the 4 or 5 stars standard dormitories，there must be some people living in the ordinary dormitories，which may cause some discrepancy or gap among the students，and that is not good for them to learn how to establish the interpersonal relation skills and is neither good for the harmony of the whole school.

Liu Yutong：The improper doing will damage the passion for students to pursue their own study because of the serious differentiation of their living conditions.As far as we know，the living conditions relate to every one's daily life and his feeling to deal with daily issues.And of students are treated differently according to their richness，some students'dignities will be harmed and they will eventually be discontented with their circumstances.Therefore，their disaffection may break out sometime which may affect a university's daily management and its later prestige.

Wu Meixi：I want to pay more attention to moral standard.If the rule of living level is set，it is entirely possible that students will view each other unrealistically.It is not sensible for students to live under perfectly condition.We can imagine that after the graduation how many of them will work and live without pressure？If they used to high living standard life，they must be less competitive and less hard-working in the future.

Wang Jing：OK！Time is up now and all the contestants have given us a wonderful performance.

Chen Pan：Now Round 2 is over.Let's welcome our committee members to score their presentations.

Wang Jing：Thank you for your efforts.Now we have the scores.The top two are LYT and ZT，Congratulations！

[评点]

这个实训环节的设计出发点，是引导主持人在“新闻议题评述”的语言组织、表达及与他人互动方面的掌控意识。就这几位学生在实训的表现而言，笔者还是比较满意的。没有达到完全满意，是因为他们的较好表现并不是在“即兴”的前提下完成的。实际上，设计这个环节，就是希望能够训练他们在直播室的思维敏感度，及理解到这一职业对日常知识积累和对生活、社会观察的敏锐度。

他们的呈现令笔者满意的方面有：一是呈现的话语走向是对的；二是达到了相对合理又合逻辑的“互动”。当然，笔者知道是他们努力准备排练的结果；三是在呈现的过程中，三个人的身体语言还是符合上镜要求的，基本上达到了对工作中要求的“自然”与生活里的“自然”状态的理解和把握。

他们的呈现令笔者不太满意的方面有：一是语言的驾驭应该更符合广播电视英语的要求，因为表达方式还是停留在“街头语言”的层面上，显得拖沓、啰索和混乱；二是因为是事前准备得充分，造成讨论的过程少了“即兴的火花”而多了“恰到好处的衔接”，令讨论“气场”缺少了生动和因为即兴而激情闪耀的因素。