In Mid-19th century， the first contract laborers arrived in secret. Since then， about 100000 Chinese gradually trafficked to Peru. They began the construction of railways， later， in coastal areas engaged in agriculture. A part moved to Lima， lived in Palu Luo Street and adjacent blocks to form commercial and cultural characteristics of Chinatown. Compatriots have opened in the area restaurants， retail stores， wholesale stores， operating a variety of commodities， especially Chinese arts and crafts， popular local and foreign tourists. In the Chinatown， Chinese investments are in the construction of an arch called “Chinese Corner”.
The largest overseas trip organization in Peru “Administration of China Hua Tong Hui” is based in Chinatown. It and Lima Municipal Administration maintained good cooperative relations with the transformation and renovation of Chinatown， so that it is more attractive to tourists. Today， Lima’s Chinatown has become an important tourist attraction.
利马是秘鲁的首都和最大的港口，位于秘鲁西部，濒临太平洋，终年少雨，是世界有名的“无雨城”。
走进利马市中心繁华地段的帕鲁罗街，在一个十字路口，耸立着一座中国传统特色的绿色玻璃瓦牌楼，横额上镌刻着孙中山先生书写的四个大字“天下为公”。牌楼之下，沿着十字交错的两条街面，是各色小商摊贩一路排开的露天集市。街面之上，人来人往，生意兴旺。这就是利马华人集中的“唐人街”，也是拉美最大的唐人街。
19世纪中期，首批契约华工抵秘。此后，约十万华人陆续被贩运到秘鲁。他们开始修筑铁路，之后，在沿海地区从事农业。一部分移居利马，聚居在帕鲁罗街及邻近街区，形成一个具有商业和人文特色的唐人街。侨胞们在该地区开设餐馆、零售店、批发店，经营各种商品，特别是中国工艺品，颇受本地和外国游客青睐。在唐人街内，华侨出资兴建了一座“中华坊”牌楼。
秘鲁最大的华侨组织“华通惠总局”，总部设在唐人街。总局与利马市政府保持着良好的合作关系，一起对唐人街进行改造和修缮，使之更具中华民族文化特色，对游客更有吸引力。如今的唐人街已成为利马的重要旅游景点。
Culture with Chinese Characteristics 中国特色的民族文化
Lima’s Chinatown is the radius of less than one square kilometers， the shops only three or four hundred， however， such a small Chinatown is the early survival and development of the Chinese overseas. It is said that in the mid-19th century， Chinatown has been formed， when some large firms in the Chinese settled here.
To the 1890s， “Wing Fat”， “Kwong Kee”， “DengJi”， “Bowron” and other business firms had been quite prosperous. People at all levels， from large firms to individual temporary owners， formed the business areas. By virtue of their diligence and wisdom， they gradually integrated into the local overseas Chinese community.
In 1999， to commemorate the 150th anniversary of Chinese arriving in Peru， Lima city government and local Chinese Group renovated into Chinatown with the national colors of oriental pedestrian. The neat red bars and green tiles of arches are on both sides of the street. The road is paved with embedded Zodiac red brick and concrete patterns. Rich Chinese culture attracts all tourists stop to here.
利马唐人街方圆不到一平方公里，大小店铺不过三四百家，然而，就是这样一个其貌不扬的小小唐人街，是早期抵秘华侨华人生存发展的天地。据说在19世纪中期，唐人街就已经初步形成，那时中国一些大商号就在这里落脚。
到19世纪90年代，“永发”“邝记”“邓记”“宝隆”等商号已经生意颇为兴隆。各种层次的人士，从大商号到个体临时小业主，形成了中国人集中经商的地方。他们凭借自己的勤劳与智慧，逐渐融入了当地社会。
1999年，为纪念华人抵达秘鲁150周年，利马市政府和当地侨社将唐人街翻修成具有东方民族色彩的商业步行街，马路两旁并立多座整齐的红柱绿瓦的小牌楼，路面铺设了嵌有红地砖和十二生肖图案的水泥地面。浓郁的中华民族文化特色吸引了各方游客驻足流连。
Chinese Style of Restaurant 中餐馆的中国风味
Lima’s Chinatown arch has a couplet： “the world’s largest overseas foreign land is my home.” It exposed many centuries， the Chinese to make a living with the bitterness across the sea.
In 1921， the first Chinese restaurant “Nanjing Restaurant” opened， to date， Lima City restaurants over 2000. “Eat” is a unique name for a Chinese restaurant in Peru， from the Cantonese “eat” of the harmonics. In Lima， the “food”， are mostly Cantonese， Fujian. They have experienced 80 years of change， still maintained a pure Chinese style.
Chinese restaurants in Chinatown are the traditional Chinese facades， the store’s facilities are Chinese and Western， god of wealth， gold tree， screens， paintings and other decorative items Chinese people liked everywhere. Tables and chairs with a knife and fork cutlery shop conform to the Peruvian custom wallpaper， and also prepare on the chopsticks.
Interestingly， the “food” in addition to other owners and chefs， waiters and foreman are almost all Peruvians. When Chinese guests come， the waiter dressed in Chinese clothes first asked： “Oolong tea” or “Scented tea”？ Some workers in restaurants have learned to do authentic Peruvian Chinese food， and became a restaurant cook.
Peru has been reported that the Chinese food industries not only enrich Chinese but also provide substantial employment opportunities to Peruvians.
利马唐人街牌坊有副对联：“天下之大我侨他乡是故乡”，一语道破了华人多少个世纪以来，为了生计，漂洋过海的辛酸。
1921年，首家中餐馆“南京酒家”开张，时至今日，利马市中餐馆超过2000家。“吃饭”是秘鲁中餐馆特有的叫法，由广东话“吃饭”的谐音而来。利马的“吃饭”，多数为粤菜、闽菜，经历了80多年的变迁，仍保持着纯正的中国风味。
唐人街的中餐馆门面都是传统中式的，店里的设施是中西合璧，财神爷、元宝树、屏风、国画等中国人喜欢的装饰物处处可见。桌椅餐具顺应秘鲁人用刀叉铺桌布的习惯，同时也备上筷子。
有趣的是，“吃饭”里除了老板和大厨以外，伙计和领班几乎都是秘鲁人。见到中国客人来，身着中国衣服的服务生首先用中文问：“乌龙茶”还是“花茶”？一些在中餐馆工作的秘鲁人学会了做正宗的中国菜，成为餐馆厨师。
秘鲁曾有报道说，中餐业不仅富了中国人，还为秘鲁人提供了大量就业机会。
36.Santiago：The Capital of Chile 智利首都——圣地亚哥
Santiago is the intellectual capital and largest city of Chile. It is a city of 400 years of history.
圣地亚哥是智利的首都和最大城市，是一座拥有400多年历史的古城。
400 Years of Historical City 四百年的历史古城
Santiago is a city with 400 years of history. In 1541， the Spanish colonist Valdivia led 150 cavalry came here and built the first fort on the mainland， located in the city center of Saint Lucia Mountain in South America. At the foot， with mud-brick and vegetation， a number of the original residential areas were built. This is the prototype of the city of Santiago.
On April 5， 1818， after Chile’s war for independence in a decisive battle“Maipu War” Santiago became Chile’s capital.
In the 19th century， copper mine was found and became gradually a largescale mining and Chile urban developed quickly. Santiago is now a modern city， is Chile’s largest cities， as well as center of politics， economics， culture and transportation.
圣地亚哥是一座拥有400多年历史的古城。1541年，西班牙殖民者瓦尔迪维亚率领150名骑兵来到这里，在圣地亚哥城市中心的圣卢西亚山上修筑了西班牙在南美洲大陆上的第一座炮台，并在山下用泥砖和草木建筑了一批原始的住宅区，这就是圣地亚哥城的雏形。
